@inbook{PulmanEthno,
  author = "Rada Mihalcea and Stephen Pulman",
  booktitle = "Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing",
  doi = "10.1007/978-3-642-00382-0_48",
  isbn = "978-3-642-00381-3",
  issn = "0302-9743 (Print) 1611-3349 (Online)",
  pages = "594-602",
  publisher = "Springer Berlin / Heidelberg",
  series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  title = "Linguistic Ethnography: Identifying Dominant Word Classes in Text",
  url = "http://www.springerlink.com/content/p08m276540072j3q/",
  volume = "Volume 5449/2009",
  year = "2009",
}


    
      @proceedings{step2008:2212,
  author = "Liakata, Maria and Pulman, Stephen",
  booktitle = "Semantics in Text Processing. STEP 2008 Conference Proceedings",
  editor = "Bos, Johan and Delmonte, Rodolfo",
  pages = "139--153",
  publisher = "College Publications",
  series = "Research in Computational Semantics",
  title = "{Automatic Fine-Grained Semantic Classification for Domain Adaption}",
  url = "http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W08-2212",
  volume = "1",
  year = "2008",
}


    
      @inproceedings{moilanen-pulman:2008:ACLShort,
  address = "Columbus, Ohio",
  author = "Moilanen, Karo and Pulman, Stephen",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of ACL-08: HLT, Short Papers",
  month = "June",
  pages = "109--112",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  title = "The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown: Morphosyllabic Sentiment Tagging of Unseen Words",
  url = "http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P08/P08-2028",
  year = "2008",
}


    
      @inproceedings{defelice-pulman:2008:PAPERS,
  address = "Manchester, UK",
  author = "De Felice, Rachele and Pulman, Stephen G.",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
  month = "August",
  pages = "169--176",
  publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
  title = "A Classifier-Based Approach to Preposition and Determiner Error Correction in L2 English",
  url = "http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1022",
  year = "2008",
}


    
      @misc{journals/coling/Pulman07,
  author = "Stephen G. Pulman",
  journal = "Computational Linguistics",
  note = "{Review of {\it Flexible Semantics for Reinterpretation Phenomena} Markus Egg (University of Groningen) Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications (CSLI Studies in Computational Linguistics, edited by Ann Copestake), 2006, xxi+239 pp; paperbound, ISBN 1-57586-502-5.}",
  number = "1",
  pages = "141-143",
  title = "Review of {\it Flexible Semantics for Reinterpretation Phenomena}",
  volume = "33",
  year = "2007",
}


    
      @inproceedings{Moilanen:Sentiment,
  address = "Borovets, Bulgaria",
  author = "Karo Moilanen and Stephen Pulman",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing International Conference (RANLP-2007)",
  month = "September 27-29",
  pages = "378--382",
  title = "Sentiment Composition",
  url = "http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wolf2244/sentCompRANLP07Final.pdf",
  year = "2007",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanAutomaticallyAcquiring,
  author = "De Felice, Rachele and Pulman, Stephen",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the 4th ACL-SIGSEM Workshop on Prepositions, Prague, Czech Republic, Association for Computational Linguistics}",
  pages = "45--50",
  title = "Automatically Acquiring Models of Preposition Use",
  url = "http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/W/W06/W06-1662.pdf",
  year = "2007",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanCombining,
  author = "Stephen Clark and Stephen Pulman",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Quantum Interaction, Stanford, CA, 2007}",
  pages = "52--55",
  title = "Combining Symbolic and Distributional Models of Meaning",
  year = "2007",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanCharacterizing,
  author = "Rada Mihalcea and Stephen Pulman",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing (CICLing), Springer, Mexico City, February 2007}",
  note = "(2nd) best paper award!",
  title = "Characterizing Humour: An Exploration of Features in Humorous Texts",
  year = "2007",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanFormal,
  author = "Stephen Pulman",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Computational Semantics: IWCS-7, Tilburg, The Netherlands, 2007}",
  editor = "Jeroen Geertzen and Elias Thijsse and Harry Bunt and Amanda Schiffrin",
  isbn = "90-74029-31-0",
  pages = "181--196",
  title = "Formal and Computational Semantics: a Case Study",
  year = "2007",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanSentence,
  author = "Paul D. Ji and Stephen Pulman",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2006), Sydney, July 2006}",
  pages = "526--533",
  title = "Sentence Ordering with Manifold-based Classification in Multi-Document Summarization",
  year = "2006",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanLexicalDecomposition,
  address = "Dordrecht",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Charting a New Course: Natural Language Processing And Information Retrieval: Essays in Honour of Karen Sp?rck Jones",
  editor = "John I. Tait",
  pages = "155--174",
  publisher = "{Kluwer Academic/ Springer}",
  title = "Lexical Decomposition: For and Against",
  year = "2005",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanTeachingARobot,
  author = "Simon Dobnik and Stephen Pulman and Paul Newman and Alastair Harrison",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings Second ACL-SIGSEM Workshop on The Linguistic Dimensions of Prepositions and their Use in Computational Linguistics Formalisms and Applications, Essex University}",
  title = "Teaching a robot spatial expressions",
  year = "2005",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanAutomatic,
  author = "S. G Pulman and J. Z. Sukkarieh",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of Second Workshop on Building Educational Applications Using NLP, Ann Arbor, Michigan}",
  pages = "9--16",
  title = "Automatic Short Answer Marking, in Association for Computational Linguistics",
  year = "2005",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanInformationExtraction,
  author = "Jana Sukkarieh and Stephen Pulman",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AI-ED)}",
  title = "Information Extraction and Machine Learning: Automarking Short Free Text Responses to Science Questions",
  year = "2005",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanLearningDomainTheories,
  author = "S. G. Pulman and M. Liakata",
  booktitle = "Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
  editor = "N. Nicolov and K. Bontcheva and G. Angelova and R. Mitkov",
  pages = "29--44",
  publisher = "{John Benjamins Publishing}",
  series = "Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
  title = "Learning Domain Theories",
  volume = "III",
  year = "2004",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanAutoMarking2,
  author = "J. Z. Sukkarieh and S. G. Pulman and N. Raikes",
  booktitle = "{International Association of Educational Assessment, Philadelphia}",
  title = "{Auto-marking 2: An update on the UCLES-Oxford University research into using computational linguistics to score short, free text responses}",
  year = "2004",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanLearningTheories,
  author = "M. Liakata and S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{COLING 18: 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Geneva}",
  pages = "183--190",
  title = "Learning Theories from Text",
  year = "2004",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanAutomarking,
  author = "J. Z. Sukkarieh and S. G. Pulman and N. Raikes",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of 29th International Association for Educational Assessment (IAEA) Annual Conference}",
  title = "Automarking: using computational linguistics to score short, free-text responses",
  url = "http://www.aqa.org.uk/support/iaea/papers/sukkarieh-pulman-raikes.pdf",
  year = "2003",
}


    
      @article{PulmanRelatingDialogue,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  journal = "Speech Communication",
  pages = "15--30",
  title = "Relating Dialogue Games to Information State",
  volume = "36",
  year = "2002",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanFromTrees,
  author = "M. Liakata and S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{COLING 17: 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Taipei, Taiwan}",
  pages = "563--569",
  title = "From Trees to Predicate-Argument Structures",
  url = "http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/C/C02/C02-1105.pdf",
  year = "2002",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanGrammarLearning,
  author = "S. G. Pulman and J. Cussens",
  booktitle = "{Oxford University Working Papers in Linguistics}",
  issn = "1473-9356",
  pages = "31--46",
  title = "Grammar Learning using Inductive Logic Programming",
  volume = "6",
  year = "2001",
}


    
      @article{PulmanStatistical,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  journal = "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London",
  pages = "1267--1280",
  series = "A",
  title = "Statistical and Logical Reasoning in Disambiguation",
  volume = "358",
  year = "2000",
}


    
      @article{PulmanBidirectionalContextualResolution,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  journal = "Computational Linguistics",
  number = "4",
  pages = "497--538",
  title = "Bidirectional Contextual Resolution",
  volume = "26",
  year = "2000",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanExperiments,
  author = "James Cussens and Stephen Pulman",
  booktitle = "Learning Language in Logic",
  editor = "James Cussens and Saso Dzeroski",
  pages = "143--156",
  publisher = "Springer Verlag",
  series = "Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence",
  title = "Experiments in inductive chart parsing",
  volume = "1925",
  year = "2000",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanAutomaticExtraction,
  author = "J. Thomas and D. Milward and C. Ouzounis and S. G. Pulman and M. Carroll",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing 2000, Hawaii}",
  pages = "541--52",
  title = "Automatic extraction of protein interactions from scientific abstracts",
  year = "2000",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanIncorporating,
  author = "J. Cussens and S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{In Proceedings of CoNLL2000 and LLL2000, Lisbon}",
  month = "September",
  pages = "184--193",
  publisher = "{ACL}",
  title = "Incorporating linguistic constraints into inductive logic programming",
  year = "2000",
}


    
      @article{973324,
  address = "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  issn = "0891-2017",
  journal = "Comput. Linguist.",
  note = "Reviewer-Stephen Pulman",
  number = "3",
  pages = "445--446",
  publisher = "MIT Press",
  title = "Review of "Type-logical semantics" by Bob Carpenter. The MIT Press 1997.",
  volume = "25",
  year = "1999",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanRelating,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the European Speech Communication Association workshop on Dialogue and Prosody, De Konigshof, The Netherlands}",
  editor = "J. Terken and M. Swerts",
  pages = "17--24",
  title = "Relating Dialogue Games to Information States",
  year = "1999",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanBidirectional,
  author = "J. Thomas and S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Computational Semantics, Tilburg}",
  editor = "H. Bunt et al",
  pages = "247--263",
  title = "Bidirectional Interpretation of Tense and Aspect",
  year = "1999",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanComputerProcessable,
  author = "J. Sukkarieh and S.G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Computational Semantics, Tilburg}",
  editor = "H. Bunt et al",
  pages = "367--380",
  title = "Computer Processable English and McLogic",
  year = "1999",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanTrindi,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{TWLT 13, Formal Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue, University of Twente, Enschede.}",
  editor = "Joris Hulstein and Anton Nijholt",
  pages = "31--39",
  title = "The {TRINDI} Project: Some Preliminary Themes",
  year = "1998",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanConversational,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{CLIN VII: Proceedings of 7th Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands meeting, Nov 1996}",
  editor = "J. Landsbergen et al.",
  pages = "1--25",
  title = "Conversational Games, Belief Revision and Bayesian Networks",
  year = "1997",
}


    
      @article{PulmanAspectual,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  journal = "Transactions of the Philological Society",
  number = "2",
  pages = "279--317",
  title = "Aspectual Shift as Type Coercion",
  volume = "95",
  year = "1997",
}


    
      @article{PulmanHigherOrderUnification,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  journal = "Linguistics and Philosophy",
  pages = "73--115",
  title = "Higher Order Unification and the Interpretation of Focus",
  volume = "20",
  year = "1997",
}


    
      Warning - the bibtex entry below may be invalid: 
Missing 'chapter' or 'pages' field 
@inbook{PulmanLexicalComponent,
  address = "Cambridge",
  author = "S. G. Pulman and G. D. Ritchie and G. J. Russell and A. W. Black and E. J. Briscoe and B. K. Boguraev and J. A. Carroll and C. G Grover",
  booktitle = "Automating the lexicon - research and practice in a multilingual environment",
  editor = "D.Walker and A.Zampolli and N.Calzolari",
  publisher = "{CUP}",
  title = "The Lexical Component of a Natural Language Toolkit",
  year = "1997",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanSemantics,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology",
  editor = "R. A. Cole and J. Mariani and H. Uszkoreit and A. Zaenen and V. Zue",
  pages = "105--111",
  publisher = "{Cambridge University Press}",
  title = "Semantics",
  year = "1996",
}


    
      @article{PulmanUnificationEncodings,
  author = "S.G. Pulman",
  journal = "Computational Linguistics",
  pages = "295--328",
  title = "Unification encodings of grammatical notations",
  volume = "22/3",
  year = "1996",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanCompiling,
  author = "E. Grimley-Evans and G. Kiraz and S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{COLING 96, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Copenhagen, Denmark: Association for Computational Linguistics}",
  pages = "454--459",
  title = "Compiling a Partition-based Formalism",
  volume = "I",
  year = "1996",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanControlledLanguage,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{Proc. of the First International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium}",
  pages = "233--242",
  title = "Controlled Language for Knowledge Representation",
  year = "1996",
}


    
      @techreport{Pulman1996d,
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman and Ted Briscoe and Holger Maier and Karsten Konrad",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D16}, 136 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del16.ps.gz}",
  title = "Using the Framework",
  year = "1996",
}


    
      @techreport{Pulman1996c,
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman and Nicholas Asher and Paul Dekker and Karsten Konrad and Emiel Krahmer and Holger Maier and Peter Ruhrberg",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D15}, 408 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del15.ps.gz}",
  title = "Building the Framework",
  year = "1996",
}


    
      @techreport{Pulman1996b,
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D14}, 25 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del14.ps.gz}",
  title = "A Strategy for Building a Framework",
  year = "1996",
}


    
      @techreport{Pulman1996a,
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D13}, 78 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del15.ps.gz}",
  title = "Evaluation of Previous Work",
  year = "1996",
}


    
      @misc{Review1995,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  note = "{Review of {\it Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing}, ed. T. Strzalkowski, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994, in Computational Linguistics 21/2, 269-271.}",
  title = "Review of {\it Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing}",
  year = "1995",
}


    
      @article{PulmanProductionOfSpecifications,
  author = "B. Macias and S. G. Pulman",
  journal = "The Computer Journal",
  number = "4",
  pages = "310--318",
  title = "A Method for Controlling the Production of Specifications in Natural Language",
  volume = "38",
  year = "1995",
}


    
      @article{PulmanAnaphora,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  journal = "Natural Language Engineering",
  number = "3",
  pages = "217--233",
  title = "Anaphora and Ellipsis in Artificial Languages",
  volume = "1",
  year = "1995",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanIssues,
  author = "H. S. Park and S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{NLPRS '95, Proceedings of the Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium, KAIST, Taejon, Korea}",
  editor = "Key-Sun Choi",
  pages = "308--313",
  title = "Issues in Developing a Korean Version of the Core Language Engine",
  volume = "I",
  year = "1995",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanInference,
  author = "I. Lewin and S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of ESCA Workshop on Spoken Dialogue Systems, Vigso, Denmark",
  editor = "P. Dalsgaard and L. B. Larsen and L. Boves and I. Thomsen",
  pages = "53--56",
  title = "Inference in the Resolution of Ellipsis",
  year = "1995",
}


    
      @techreport{Pulman1995e,
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "48 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{http://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/}",
  title = "The Bluffer's Guide to Computational Semantics",
  year = "1995",
}


    
      @techreport{Pulman1995d,
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D10}, 152 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del10.ps.gz}",
  title = "Evaluating the State of the Art",
  year = "1995",
}


    
      @techreport{Pulman1995c,
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D9}, 262 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del9.ps.gz}",
  title = "The State of the Art in Computational Semantics: Evaluating the Descriptive Capabilities of Semantic Theories",
  year = "1995",
}


    
      @techreport{Pulman1995b,
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D8}, 231 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del8.ps.gz}",
  title = "Describing the Approaches",
  year = "1995",
}


    
      @techreport{Pulman1995a,
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D7}, 107 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del7.ps.gz}",
  title = "Harmonizing the Approaches",
  year = "1995",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanExpressivity,
  address = "Luxembourg",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Grammatical Formalisms: Issues in Migration",
  editor = "S. Markantonatou and L. Sadler",
  pages = "35--59",
  publisher = "Office for Official Publications of the European Communities",
  series = "{Studies in Machine Translation and Natural Language Processing}",
  title = "Expressivity of Lean Formalisms",
  volume = "4",
  year = "1994",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanComputationalTheory,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Proceedings: International Workshop on Computational Semantics, Institute for Language Technology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands",
  editor = "H. Bunt and R. Muskens and G. Rentier",
  pages = "161--170",
  title = "A Computational Theory of Context Dependence",
  year = "1994",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanHigherOrder,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Papers from the Third Nordic Conference on Text Comprehension in Man and Machine, April 1992, Link\"{o}ping University",
  isbn = "91-7871-101-0",
  pages = "113--127",
  title = "Higher Order Unification and the Semantics of Focus",
  year = "1993",
}


    
      @article{PulmanFeatureBased,
  author = "S. G. Pulman and M. R. Hepple",
  journal = "{Computer Speech and Language}",
  pages = "333--358",
  title = "A feature based formalism for two-level phonology",
  volume = "7",
  year = "1993",
}


    
      @article{PulmanTimeAndModality,
  author = "R. S. Crouch and S. G. Pulman",
  journal = "Artificial Intelligence",
  note = "{This issue also reprinted as {\it Natural Language Processing}, ed. F. Pereira and B. Grosz, MIT Press, 1994}",
  pages = "265--304",
  title = "Time and Modality in a Natural Language Interface to a Planning System",
  volume = "63",
  year = "1993",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanNaturalLanguageProcessing,
  address = "London",
  author = "B. Macias and S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Safety Critical Systems: Current Issues, Techniques and Standards",
  editor = "F. Redmill and T. Anderson",
  pages = "67--89",
  publisher = "{Chapman and Hall Ltd.}",
  title = "Natural Language Processing for Requirements Specification",
  year = "1993",
}


    
      Warning - the bibtex entry below may be invalid: 
Missing 'publisher' field 
@inbook{PulmanIdioms,
  address = "{New Jersey}",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Idioms: Processing, Structure, and Interpretation",
  editor = "C. Cacciari and P. Tabossi",
  pages = "249--270",
  series = "{Laurence Earlbaum Cognitive Science Monographs}",
  title = "The recognition and interpretation of idioms",
  year = "1993",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanSpeechToSpeech,
  author = "M. Rayner and H. Alshawi and I. Bretan and D. Carter and V. Digilakis and B. Gamback and J. Kaja and J. Karlgren and B. Lyberg and S.G. Pulman and P. Price and C. Samuelsson",
  booktitle = "Human Language Technology, Proceedings of ARPA Workshop, Princeton, NJ.",
  pages = "217--222",
  title = "A Speech to Speech Translation System Built from Standard Components",
  year = "1993",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanSpeechBased,
  author = "I. Lewin and M. Russell and D. Carter and S. Browning and K. Ponting and S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{EUROSPEECH 93, Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, Berlin}",
  pages = "2047--2050",
  title = "A Speech-Based Route Enquiry System Built from General Purpose Components",
  year = "1993",
}


    
      Warning - the bibtex entry below may be invalid: 
Missing 'chapter' or 'pages' field 
@inbook{PulmanChartParsing,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics}",
  publisher = "{Pergamon Press/ Aberdeen University Press}",
  title = "Chart Parsing and Well-Formed Substring Tables",
  year = "1992",
}


    
      Warning - the bibtex entry below may be invalid: 
Missing 'chapter' or 'pages' field 
@inbook{PulmanBasicParsing,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics}",
  publisher = "{Pergamon Press/ Aberdeen University Press}",
  title = "Basic Parsing Techniques",
  year = "1992",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanParsing,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Oxford International Encyclopedia of Linguistics",
  editor = "W. Bright",
  pages = "159--162",
  publisher = "{Oxford University Press}",
  title = "Parsing",
  volume = "3",
  year = "1992",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanEllipsis,
  address = "Cambridge Mass.",
  author = "H. Alshawi and S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "The Core Language Engine",
  editor = "H. Alshawi",
  pages = "251--273",
  publisher = "{MIT Press}",
  title = "Ellipsis, Comparatives, and Generation",
  year = "1992",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanUnification,
  address = "Cambridge Mass.",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{The Core Language Engine}",
  editor = "H. Alshawi",
  pages = "61--82",
  publisher = "{MIT Press.}",
  title = "Unification Based Syntactic Analysis",
  year = "1992",
}


    
      Warning - the bibtex entry below may be invalid: 
Missing 'chapter' or 'pages' field 
@inbook{PulmanComputationalMorphology,
  address = "{Cambridge Mass.}",
  author = "G. D. Ritchie and A. W. Black and G. J. Russell and S. G. Pulman",
  publisher = "{MIT Press}",
  title = "{Computational Morphology: Practical Mechanisms for the English Lexicon}",
  year = "1992",
}


    
      @techreport{Pulman1992,
  author = "Doug Arnold and Toni Badia and Josef van Genabith and Dieter Kohl and Stella Markantonatou and Stephen Pulman and Louisa Sadler and Paul Schmidt",
  institution = "Commission of the European Communities",
  note = "Final Report",
  number = "ET 10/52",
  title = "Reusability of Grammatical Resources and Grammar Development in {ALEP}",
  year = "1992",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanComparatives,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 5th European Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Berlin",
  pages = "1--6",
  title = "Comparatives and Ellipsis",
  url = "http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/E/E91/E91-1002.pdf",
  year = "1991",
}


    
      @techreport{PulmanTR1991,
  author = "Stephen Pulman and Philip Gladwin and Karen Sp\"{a}rck Jones",
  institution = "Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge",
  title = "Shallow Processing and Automatic Summarising: a First Study",
  year = "1991",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanInteracting,
  author = "B. Crabtree and R. Crouch and D. Moffat and N. Pirie and G. Ritchie and S. G. Pulman and A. Tate",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of Conference on Expert Planning Systems, Brighton, UK.",
  pages = "169--174",
  publisher = "{American Association for Artificial Intelligence, and Institute of Electrical Engineers}",
  title = "Interacting with an intelligent planning system using English sentences",
  year = "1990",
}


    
      @misc{Review1989,
  author = "S.G. Pulman",
  note = "{Review of M. A. Arbib, E. J. Conklin, and J. C. Hill 'From Schema Theory to Language', New York: Oxford University Press, in Contemporary Psychology 34, 7: 686-687.}",
  title = "{Review of {\it From Schema Theory to Language}}",
  year = "1989",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanEvents,
  address = "London",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{Recent Developments and Applications of, Natural Language Understanding}",
  editor = "J. Peckham",
  pages = "179--191",
  publisher = "{Kogan Page, Ltd. and Maryland: GP Publishing Inc.}",
  title = "{Events and Verb Phrase Modifiers}",
  year = "1989",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanPrepositional,
  address = "Oxford",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Essays on Grammatical Theory and Universal Grammar",
  editor = "D. J. Arnold et al.",
  pages = "204--221",
  publisher = "{Clarendon Press}",
  title = "Prepositional Relatives and Syntactic Marginality",
  year = "1989",
}


    
      @misc{Review1988,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  note = "{Review of R. Berwick et al., `Computational Complexity and Natural Language', MIT Press, in Journal of Linguistics, 24, 573-575.}",
  title = "Review of {\it Computational Complexity and Natural Language}",
  year = "1988",
}


    
      @article{PulmanMorphologyEnglish,
  author = "S. G. Pulman and G. D. Ritchie and G. J. Russell and A. W. Black",
  journal = "Linguistics",
  pages = "545--560",
  title = "Computational Morphology of English",
  volume = "26",
  year = "1988",
}


    
      @article{PulmanComputationalFramework,
  author = "G. D. Ritchie and S. G. Pulman and A. W. Black and G. J. Russell",
  journal = "{Computational Linguistics}",
  pages = "290--307",
  title = "A Computational Framework for Lexical Description",
  volume = "13",
  year = "1988",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanOverview,
  author = "H. Alshawi and D. Carter and J. van Eijck and R. Moore and D. Moran and S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference on 5th Generation Computer Systems",
  pages = "1108--1115",
  publisher = "Tokyo: Institute for New Generation Computer Technology",
  title = "Overview of the Core Language Engine",
  volume = "3",
  year = "1988",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanNaturalLanguage,
  address = "Stevenage",
  author = "B. Crabtree and R. Crouch and D. Moffat and N. Pirie and S. G. Pulman and G. D. Ritchie and A. Tate",
  booktitle = "{UK IT} 88 Conference Publication, Dept. of Trade and Industry",
  pages = "319--322",
  publisher = "{IEE Publishing Dept}",
  title = "A Natural Language Interface to an Intelligent Planning System",
  year = "1988",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanSyntaxSemantics,
  address = "London",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Linguistic Theory and Computer Applications",
  editor = "P. J. Whitelock et al.",
  pages = "189--224",
  publisher = "{Academic Press}",
  title = "The Syntax Semantics Interface",
  year = "1987",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanMetaphor,
  address = "London",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{A Dictionary of Modern Critical Terms}",
  editor = "R.G. Fowler",
  pages = "144--146",
  publisher = "{Routledge and Kegan Paul}",
  title = "Metaphor",
  year = "1987",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanNewGrammatism,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing 3, NMSU, Las Cruces, New Mexico}",
  editor = "Yorick Wilks",
  pages = "40--42",
  title = "Unification and the New Grammatism",
  volume = "3",
  year = "1987",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanComputationalModels,
  address = "{London and New Jersey}",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "{Progress in the Psychology of Language}",
  editor = "A. Ellis",
  pages = "159--231",
  publisher = "Lawrence Erlbaum Associates",
  title = "Computational Models of Parsing",
  volume = "III",
  year = "1987",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanPassives,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 3rd European Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Copenhagen: ACL",
  pages = "306--313",
  title = "Passives",
  url = "http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/E/E87/E87-1049.pdf",
  year = "1987",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanFormalisms,
  author = "A. W. Black and G. D. Ritchie and S. G. Pulman and G. J. Russell",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 3rd European Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Copenhagen: {ACL}",
  pages = "11--18",
  title = "Formalisms for Morphographemic Description",
  year = "1987",
}


    
      @techreport{Ritchie:1987,
  author = "G. D. Ritchie and A. W. Black and S. G. Pulman and G. J. Russell",
  institution = "Dept.\ of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh",
  title = "The {E}dinburgh/{C}ambridge Morphological Analyser and Dictionary System [Version 3.0]",
  year = "1987",
}


    
      @techreport{PulmanTR1987,
  author = "Stephen Pulman and G. D. Ritchie",
  institution = "{Centre for Cognitive Science, Edinburgh, and Institute for Language, Logic and Information, Amsterdam}",
  note = "in E. Klein and J. van Benthem (eds.) {\it Categories, Polymorphism and Unification}",
  pages = "307--322",
  title = "{The SRI Core Language Engine project}: the grammar",
  year = "1987",
}


    
      @article{PulmanGrammarsParsersMemory,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  journal = "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  number = "3",
  pages = "197--225",
  title = "Grammars, Parsers and Memory Limitations",
  volume = "1",
  year = "1986",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanDictionary,
  author = "G. D. Ritchie and S. G. Pulman and A. W. Black and G.J. Russell",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Bonn: {ACL}",
  pages = "277--9",
  title = "A Dictionary and Morphological Analyser for English",
  year = "1986",
}


    
      @misc{Review1985b,
  author = "S.G. Pulman",
  note = "{Review of C. J. Fox, {\it Information and Misinformation}, in Journal of Documentation, Vol 41.1, 43-44.}",
  title = "{ Review of {\it Information and Misinformation}}",
  year = "1985",
}


    
      @misc{Review1985a,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  note = "{Review of A. V. Gladkij and I. A. Melcuk, {\it Elements of Mathematical Linguistics}, Berlin: Mouton, 1983, in Journal of Linguistics, Vol 21, 262.}",
  title = "{Review of {\it Elements of Mathematical Linguistics}}",
  year = "1985",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanDoesnt,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2nd European Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Geneva: {ACL}",
  pages = "128--135",
  title = "A Parser That Doesn't",
  year = "1985",
}


    
      @techreport{PulmanTR1985,
  author = "Stephen Pulman and G. D. Ritchie",
  institution = "{University of East Anglia}",
  number = "23",
  pages = "21--38",
  series = "{Univ. of East Anglia Papers in Linguistics}",
  title = "Indexed Grammars and Intersecting Dependencies",
  year = "1985",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanLimited,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Coling 84: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Stanford, California: Association for Computational Linguistics",
  pages = "84--87",
  title = "Limited Domain Systems for Language Teaching",
  url = "http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P84/P84-1020.pdf",
  year = "1984",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanWordMeaning,
  address = "London",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  pages = "viii, 177",
  publisher = "{Croom Helm Ltd., and New Jersey, Ablex Publishing Corp.}",
  title = "Word Meaning and Belief",
  year = "1983",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanGeneralised,
  address = "Chichester",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Automatic Natural Language Parsing",
  editor = "K. Sparck Jones and Y. Wilks",
  pages = "117--131",
  publisher = "{Ellis Horwood Ltd.}",
  title = "Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar, Earley's Algorithm, and the Minimisation of Recursion",
  year = "1983",
}


    
      @inbook{PulmanTraceTheory,
  address = "London",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Parsing Natural Language",
  editor = "M. King",
  pages = "171--196",
  publisher = "{Academic Press}",
  title = "Trace Theory, Parsing and Constraints",
  year = "1983",
}


    
      @article{PulmanMetaphors,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  journal = "Journal of Literary Semantics",
  pages = "78--89",
  title = "Are Metaphors 'Creative'?",
  volume = "XI:2",
  year = "1982",
}


    
      @misc{Review1981b,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  note = "{Review of M. Fortescue, {\it A Discourse Production Model for Twenty Questions}, Amsterdam, John Benjamins B.V. 1980, in Journal of Pragmatics Vol 5, 380-382}",
  title = "{Review of M. Fortescue, {\it A Discourse Production Model for Twenty Questions}}",
  year = "1981",
}


    
      @misc{Review1981a,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  note = "{Review of {\it Noam Chomsky: Language, Creativity and Freedom}, Review article, in Straight Lines Vol 6, 32-35.}",
  title = "Review of {\it Noam Chomsky: Language, Creativity and Freedom}",
  year = "1981",
}


    
      @misc{Review1980,
  author = "S.G. Pulman",
  note = "{Review of N. Smith and D. Wilson {\it Modern Linguistics}, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1979: in Journal of Literary Semantics Vol IX:2 108-110}",
  title = "{Review of {\it Modern Linguistics}}",
  year = "1980",
}


    
      @inproceedings{PulmanParsingAndSyntactic,
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  booktitle = "Coling 80: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Tokyo: International Committee on Computational Linguistics",
  pages = "54--59",
  title = "Parsing and Syntactic Theory",
  url = "http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/C/C80/C80-1009.pdf",
  year = "1980",
}


    
      @techreport{PulmanTR1979,
  author = "Stephen Pulman",
  institution = "{University of East Anglia}",
  pages = "19--49",
  series = "Univ. of East Anglia Papers in Linguistics",
  title = "Grammatical Description and Sentence Processing",
  volume = "10",
  year = "1979",
}


    
      @techreport{PulmanTR1978,
  author = "Stephen Pulman",
  institution = "{Essex University}",
  pages = "35--57",
  series = "{Essex University Papers in Linguistics}",
  title = "Shape Classifiers and Natural Categories",
  volume = "20",
  year = "1978",
}


    
      @misc{Review1976,
  author = "S. G. Pulman and A. Spencer",
  note = "{Review of K.J.J. Hintikka et al. {\it Approaches to Natural Language}, Holland: D. Reidel Publishing, 1973. Part 1 in Kritikon Litterarum Vol 5.1, Part 2 in Vol 5.2}",
  title = "{Review of {\it Approaches to Natural Language}}",
  year = "1976",
}


    
      @techreport{PulmanTR1976,
  author = "Stephen Pulman",
  institution = "{Essex University}",
  pages = "27--45",
  series = "{Essex University Papers in Linguistics}",
  title = "{Can, Could, and Possible For}",
  volume = "18",
  year = "1976",
}